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Philopedia

Philopedia

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philosophers

Lives and ideas of history's greatest thinkers

552 entries

A
65
Abraham ibn EzraAbu Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-GhazālīAbū l-Walīd Muḥammad ibn ʾAḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Rushd (Averroes)Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-FārābīAbū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā (Avicenna)Adam SmithAdam WodehamĀdi ŚaṅkaraAedesius of CappadociaAenesidemus of KnossosAlain BadiouAlan of LilleAlasdair Chalmers MacIntyreAlbert CamusAlbert of SaxonyAlbert the GreatAlbinus the PlatonistAlbrecht WellmerAlcinous the PlatonistAlcmaeon of CrotonAlcuin of YorkAlexander Gottlieb BaumgartenAlexander of HalesAlfred Jules AyerAlfred North WhiteheadAlfred SchmidtAlvin Carl PlantingaAmalric of BenaAmelius GentilianusAmmonius SaccasAnaxagoras of ClazomenaeAnaxarchus of AbderaAnaximander of MiletusAnaximenes of MiletusAnicius Manlius Severinus BoethiusAnne ConwayAnniceris of CyreneAnthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of ShaftesburyAntiochus of AscalonAntipater of TarsusAntiphon the SophistAntisthenes of AthensApollodorus the EpicureanApollonius of TyanaAppaya DikshitaApuleius of MadaurosArcesilaus of PitaneArchedemus of TarsusArchelaus of AthensArchytas of TarentumAristippus of CyreneAristotle of StagiraAristoxenus of TarentumArius DidymusArrian of NicomediaArthur SchopenhauerAryadevaAsaṅgaAsclepius of TrallesAthenodorus CananitesAtisha Dipamkara ShrijnanaAtticus the PlatonistAulus GelliusAurelius Augustinus of Hippo (Saint Augustine of Hippo)Axel Honneth
B
21
Bahya ibn PaqudaBaladeva VidyabhusanaBartholomaus KeckermannBartolomé de las CasasBaruch (Benedictus) de SpinozaBerengar of ToursBernard Arthur Owen WilliamsBernard BosanquetBernard le Bovier de FontenelleBernard MandevilleBernard of ChartresBernardino TelesioBertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl RussellBhartrhariBhavavivekaBion of BorysthenesBlaise PascalBoethius of DaciaBoethus of SidonBonaventure of BagnoregioBuddhapālita
C
32
CalcidiusCarl Gustav HempelCarneades of CyreneCassius LonginusCelsus the PlatonistCesare CremoniniChandrakirtiCharles BonnetCharles de BovellesCharles Margrave TaylorCharles Sanders PeirceCharles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de MontesquieuCheng HaoCheng YiChengguanChinulChristian ThomasiusChristian WolffChristine Marion KorsgaardChrysanthius of SardisChrysippus of SoliCitsukhaClaude ClerselierClaus OffeCleanthes of AssosClearchus of SoliClemens TimplerColotes of LampsacusConfucius (Kǒng Zǐ)Crantor of SoliCrates of ThebesCritias of Athens
D
25
Dai ZhenDamasciusDaniel Clement DennettDavid HumeDavid Kellogg LewisDavid of DinantDavid the InvincibleDemetrius LaconDemetrius of PhalerumDemocritus of AbderaDerek Antony ParfitDesiderius Erasmus of RotterdamDexippus the NeoplatonistDharmakīrtiDicaearchus of MessanaDignāgaDiodorus CronusDiodotus the StoicDiogenes of BabylonDiogenes of OenoandaDiogenes of SinopeDōgen ZenjiDomingo de SotoDonald Herbert DavidsonDurandus of Saint-Pourcain
E
13
Edith Stein (Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross)Edmund Gustav Albrecht HusserlElias the PhilosopherEmmanuel LevinasEmpedocles of AgrigentumEpictetus of HierapolisEpicurus of SamosErhard WeigelErnst Alfred CassirerErnst Simon BlochErnst Waldfried Josef Wenzel MachEudorus of AlexandriaEustratius of Nicaea
F
21
Fakhr al-Din al-RaziFang YizhiFavorinus of ArelateFazangFrancesco PatriziFrancis Bacon, 1st Viscount St AlbanFrancis Herbert BradleyFrancis HutchesonFrancis of MarchiaFrancisco de VitoriaFrancisco SanchesFrancisco SuárezFrançois BernierFranz Clemens Honoratus Hermann BrentanoFranz Leopold NeumannFriedrich Daniel Ernst SchleiermacherFriedrich Heinrich JacobiFriedrich Ludwig Gottlob FregeFriedrich PollockFriedrich Wilhelm Joseph SchellingFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
G
32
Gabriel BielGabriel Honoré MarcelGabriel VázquezGabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du ChâteletGaius Musonius RufusGangesa UpadhyayaGeminus of RhodesGeorg LukácsGeorg SimmelGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich HegelGeorge Berkeley, Bishop of CloyneGeorge Edward MooreGeorge Santayana (Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás)Georges BatailleGéraud de CordemoyGerbert of Aurillac (Pope Sylvester II)Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret AnscombeGiambattista VicoGilbert of PoitiersGilbert RyleGiles of RomeGilles DeleuzeGiordano Bruno (Filippo Bruno da Nola)Giorgio AgambenGiovanni Pico della MirandolaGodfrey of FontainesGorampa Sonam SengeGorgias of LeontiniGottfried Wilhelm LeibnizGregory of RiminiGu YanwuGuifeng Zongmi
H
32
Hakuin EkakuHan FeiHannah ArendtHans ReichenbachHans-Georg GadamerHarpocration of ArgosHasdai CrescasHecato of RhodesHegesias of CyreneHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa von NettesheimHenri Louis BergsonHenry David ThoreauHenry MoreHenry of GhentHenry of LangensteinHenry SidgwickHeraclitus of EphesusHerbert MarcuseHerbert SpencerHermarchus of MytileneHermias of AlexandriaHervaeus NatalisHierocles of AlexandriaHierocles the StoicHilary Whitehall PutnamHillel ben Samuel of VeronaHipparchia of MaroneiaHippias of ElisHuang ZongxiHugo Grotius (Hugo de Groot)HuinengHypatia of Alexandria
I
13
Iamblichus of ChalcisIbn al-HaythamIbn Bajja (Avempace)Ibn Khaldun (Abū Zayd ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn)Ibn TufailIdomeneus of LampsacusImmanuel KantIsaac ben Judah AbravanelIsaac ben Moses PolqarIsaac Israeli ben SolomonIsidore Marie Auguste François Xavier ComteIsidore of SevilleIto Jinsai
J
56
Jacopo ZabarellaJacques DerridaJacques Lefevre d’ÉtaplesJacques RohaultJames of ViterboJamgön Ju Mipham GyatsoJan HusJayanta BhaṭṭaJayarasi BhaṭṭaJean BaudrillardJean GersonJean MeslierJean-François LyotardJean-Jacques RousseauJean‑Baptiste RobinetJean‑Paul Charles Aymard SartreJedaiah ha-Penini BedersiJeremy BenthamJiva GoswamiJizangJohann Amos ComeniusJohann ClaubergJohann Georg HamannJohann Gottfried HerderJohann Gottlieb FichteJohann Heinrich AlstedJohann Jakob BruckerJohann Kaspar Schmidt (Max Stirner)Johann ReuchlinJohn Bordley RawlsJohn BuridanJohn ColetJohn DeweyJohn Duns ScotusJohn Langshaw AustinJohn Leslie MackieJohn LockeJohn MairJohn of MirecourtJohn of SalisburyJohn of St. ThomasJohn PhiloponusJohn Rogers SearleJohn Scottus EriugenaJohn Stuart MillJohn WycliffeJosé Ortega y GassetJoseph (Yosef) ben Abba Mari ibn CaspiJoseph AlboJosiah RoyceJudah HaleviJudith Pamela ButlerJulia KristevaJulien Offray de La MettrieJürgen HabermasJustus Lipsius
K
10
Kaibara EkkenKamalashilaKarl Heinrich MarxKarl KorschKarl Leonhard ReinholdKarl Theodor JaspersKuijiKūkaiKumārila BhaṭṭaKwame Anthony Akroma-Ampim Kusi Appiah
L
18
Lanfranc of CanterburyLaozi (Lao Tzu)Leo LöwenthalLeucippus of MiletusLevi ben Abraham ben HayyimLevi ben Gershom (Gersonides)Li GongLiu ZongzhouLongchen Rabjam (Longchenpa)Lorenzo VallaLouis de la ForgeLu JiuyuanLuce IrigarayLucius Annaeus CornutusLucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger)Ludwig Andreas FeuerbachLudwig Josef Johann WittgensteinLuis de Molina
M
37
Macrobius Ambrosius TheodosiusMadhusudana SarasvatiMadhvaMaine de BiranMandana MiśraMarcus Aurelius Antoninus AugustusMarcus Tullius CiceroMarin MersenneMarsilio FicinoMarsilius of InghenMarsilius of PaduaMartha Craven NussbaumMartianus Minneus Felix CapellaMartin HeideggerMary WollstonecraftMaurice Jean Jacques Merleau-PontyMax Ferdinand SchelerMax HorkheimerMaximus of EphesusMaximus of TyreMeister Eckhart von HochheimMelissus of SamosMencius (Mengzi)Menippus of GadaraMetrodorus of LampsacusMichael Anthony Eardley DummettMichel Eyquem de MontaigneMikhail Alexandrovich BakuninModeratus of GadesMoritz SchlickMoses ben Joshua NarboniMoses MaimonidesMoses MendelssohnMotoori NorinagaMozi (Mo Di)Muhyiddin Ibn ArabiMulla Sadra (Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Shīrāzī)
N
12
NāgārjunaNasir al-Din al-TusiNelson GoodmanNiccolò di Bernardo de’ MachiavelliNicholas of AutrecourtNicholas of CusaNicolas MalebrancheNicole OresmeNicomachus of GerasaNimbārkaNishida KitarōNumenius of Apamea
O
5
Ogyu SoraiOlympiodorus the Younger of AlexandriaOnora Sylvia O’Neill, Baroness O’Neill of BengarveOskar NegtOtto Neurath
P
46
PadmapādaPanaetius of RhodesParacelsus (Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim)Parmenides of EleaPaul of VenicePaul RicœurPaul-Michel FoucaultPedro da FonsecaPeter AbelardPeter Albert David SingerPeter Alexeyevich KropotkinPeter AuriolPeter Frederick StrawsonPetrus RamusPhaedrus the EpicureanPhilipp MelanchthonPhilippa Ruth FootPhilo of AlexandriaPhilo of LarissaPhilo the DialecticianPhilodemus of GadaraPhilolaus of CrotonPhilonides of LaodiceaPierre BaylePierre CharronPierre d’AillyPierre Félix BourdieuPierre GassendiPierre-Joseph ProudhonPierre-Louis Moreau de MaupertuisPietro PomponazziPlatoPlotinusPolemo of AthensPolystratusPorphyry of TyrePosidonius of ApameaPrabhākaraPrakāśātmanPriscian of LydiaProclus of LyciaProdicus of CeosProfiat DuranProtagoras of AbderaPyrrho of ElisPythagoras of Samos
R
18
Radulphus BritoRaghunatha SiromaniRalph CudworthRalph Waldo EmersonRamanujaRemigius of AuxerreRené DescartesRichard McKay RortyRichard of MiddletonRichard SwinesheadRobert GrossetesteRobert NozickRoger BaconRoscelin of CompiègneRudolf CarnapRudolf Goclenius the ElderRudolph AgricolaRupa Goswami
S
36
Saadia ben Joseph GaonSaint Anselm of CanterburySakya Pandita Kunga GyaltsenSalomon MaimonSamuel ClarkeSarvepalli RadhakrishnanSaul Aaron KripkeSebastian CastellioSebastian FranckSengzhaoSextus EmpiricusShantarakshitaShantidevaShem Tov ibn FalaqueraSiddhārtha Gautama (Śākyamuni Buddha)Siegfried KracauerSiger of BrabantSimone Adolphine WeilSimone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de BeauvoirSimplicius of CiliciaSir Isaiah BerlinSir Karl Raimund PopperSir Thomas MoreSlavoj ŽižekSocrates of AthensSopater of ApameaSøren Aabye KierkegaardSpeusippusSri Aurobindo GhoseSriharshaStephanus of AlexandriaStilpo of MegaraStrato of LampsacusSuresvaraSwami VivekanandaSyrianus
T
22
Tanabe HajimeTaurus of BeirutThales of MiletusTheodor Wiesengrund AdornoTheodore of AsineTheodorus the AtheistTheophrastus of EresosThierry of ChartresThomas AquinasThomas BradwardineThomas de Vio, Cardinal CajetanThomas Hobbes of MalmesburyThomas Michael ScanlonThomas NagelThomas ReidThomas Samuel KuhnThrasyllus of MendesThrasymachus of ChalcedonTimon of PhliusTitus Lucretius CarusTommaso CampanellaTsongkhapa Lobzang Drakpa
U
1
Udayana
V
8
Vacaspati MisraVallabhaVasubandhuVictor CousinVidyaranyaVijnana BhiksuVimuktātmanVoltaire (François-Marie Arouet)
W
16
Walter Bendix Schönflies BenjaminWalter BurleyWang FuzhiWang Yangming (Wang Shouren)Watsuji TetsurōWilhelm Christian Ludwig DiltheyWillard Van Orman QuineWilliam HeytesburyWilliam JamesWilliam of AuvergneWilliam of AuxerreWilliam of ChampeauxWilliam of ConchesWilliam of CrathornWilliam of OckhamWonhyo
X
4
Xenocrates of ChalcedonXenophanes of ColophonXuanzangXunzi (Xun Kuang)
Y
2
Yan YuanYaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Kindī
Z
7
Zeno of CitiumZeno of EleaZeno of SidonZhang ZaiZhiyiZhu XiZhuangzi of Meng